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Migration, Population, Urban Appalachians

Alexander, J. Trent.  2006.  “Defining the Diaspora: Appalachians in the Great Migration” [poverty rates; maps and charts].  Journal of Interdisciplinary History 37, no. 2: 219-247.

Alexander, J. Trent.  2006.  “Defining the Diaspora: Appalachians in the Great Migration.”  Journal of Interdisciplinary History 37, no. 2 (Autumn): 219-247.    Migration north and to the industrial Midwest, 1940s-1980s; poverty; maps, tables.

Appalachia Counts: The Region in the 2000 Census [10 articles].  2004.  Guest editor, Phillip J. Obermiller.  Introduction by Phillip J. Obermiller and Richard A. Couto.  Special issue, Journal of Appalachian Studies 10, no. 3: 243-420.

Bailey, Rebecca J.  2000.  “I Never Thought of My Life as History: A Story of the ‘Hillbilly’ Exodus and the Price of Assimilation” [Chicago].  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 27-37.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Baugh, Carol.  2000.  “Think College: Preparing Urban Appalachian Students for Learning in the Twenty-First Century” [Dayton, Ohio].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 6 nos. 1-2 (Spring/Fall): 162-171.

Berry, Chad.  1996.  “The Great ‘White’ Migration, Alcohol, and the Transplantation of Southern Protestant Churches” [from Ky.].  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 94 (Summer): 265-296.

Berry, Chad.  2000.  “Southern White Migration to the Midwest, an Overview” [oral histories; tables].  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 3-26.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Berry, Chad.  2000.  Southern Migrants, Northern Exiles [Appalachian focus; 1930s-60s].  Urbana: University of Illinois Press.  264 pp.

Beyer-Sherwood, Teresa.  2006.  “From Farm to Factory: Transitions in Work, Gender, and Leisure at Banning Mill, 1910-1930s” [cotton millhands; Carroll Co., Ga.].  Oral History Review 33, no. 2 (Summer/Fall): 65-94.

Blevins, Brooks.  2006.  “Ozarks.”  In The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, Vol. 8: Environment, ed. M. Melosi, 260-262.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Borman, Kathryn M., and Phillip J. Obermiller, eds.  1994.  From  Mountain to Metropolis:  Appalachian Migrants in American  Cities.  Westport, CT: Greenwood.  226 pp.

Breen, T. H.  1997.  “The Great Wagon Road” [18th century; Pa. to N.C.; Moravians and Scotch Irish]. Southern Cultures 3 (Spring): 22-57.

Brennan, Kathleen M., and Christopher A. Cooper.  2008.  “Rural Mountain Natives, In-Migrants, and the Cultural Divide.”  Social Science Journal 45, no. 2 (June): 279-295.

Brown, Lawrence A., Linda Lobao, and Scott Digiacinto.  1999.  “Economic Restructuring and Migration in an Old Industrial Region” [Ohio Valley; tables, maps].  In Migration and Restructuring in the United States: A Geographic Perspective, eds. K. Pandit and S. Withers, 37-58.  Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.

Cushing, Brian.  1999.  “Migration and Persistent Poverty in Rural America” [southern W.Va., 1980s; tables].  In Migration and Restructuring in the United States: A Geographic Perspective, eds. K. Pandit and S. Withers, 15-36.  Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.

deMarrais, Kathleen Bennett.  1998.  “Urban Appalachian Children: An ‘Invisible’ Minority in City Schools.”  In Invisible Children in the Society and Its Schools, ed. S. Books, 89-110.  Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Dublin, Thomas.  1998.  “Working-Class Families Respond to Industrial Decline: Migration from the Pennsylvania Anthracite Region Since 1920.”  International Labor and Working-Class History 54: 40-56

Duncan, Ronald J.  2005 [1971].  “Living in Urban Milltown.”  In Culture, Ethnicity, and Justice in the South: The Southern Anthropological Society, 1968-1971, 352-359.  Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.  (Reprint, from Proceedings No. 4. The Not So Solid South: Anthropological Studies in a Regional Subculture, ed. J. Morland, 49-55).

Dyer, Joyce.  2003.  Gum-Dipped: A Daughter Remembers Rubber Town [1950s-60s outmigrant company town, Akron; Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.].  Series on Ohio History and Culture.  Akron, Oh.: University of Akron Press.  223 pp.

Feather, Carl E.  1998.  Mountain People in a Flat Land: A Popular History of Appalachian Migration to Northeast Ohio, 1940-1965 [Ashtabula Co.]. Athens: Ohio University Press.  200 pp.

Frazier, Kevan D.  1998.  “Outsiders in the Land of the Sky: City Planning and the Transformation of Asheville, North Carolina, 1921-1929.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 4 (Fall): 299-316.

Guy, Roger.  1997.  “Down Home: Perception and Reality Among Southern White Migrants in Post World War II Chicago.”  Oral History Review 24 (Winter): 35-52.

Guy, Roger.  2000.  “A Common Ground: Urban Adaptation and Appalachian Unity” [Chicago; 1950s-60s; maps, tables].  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 49-66.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Guy, Roger.  2000.  “The Media, the Police, and Southern White Migrant Identity in Chicago, 1955-1970.”  Journal of Urban History 26 (March): 329-349.

Guy, Roger.  2007.  From Diversity to Unity: Southern and Appalachian Migrants in Uptown Chicago, 1950-1970.  Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books.  131 pp.  Contents: Introduction: prelude to departure -- Hitting the hillbilly highway: leaving home behind -- Destination Uptown: a rocky evolution -- A common ground: urban adaptation and migrant identity -- Hillbilly jungle and hillbilly heaven: a tale of perceptions -- Unity, community, and the Chicago Southern Center -- Southern unity and social protest in Uptown -- The migrant generation: from unity to invisibility.

Halperin, Rhoda H.  1998.  Practicing Community: Class Culture and Power in an Urban Neighborhood [Cincinnati].  Austin: University of Texas Press.  352 pp.

Hansel, Pauletta.  1999.  “Where the Personal Is Political: Lessons From an Urban Appalachian Community’s Struggle for Environmental Justice” [Cincinnati’s Lower Price Hill Environmental Leadership Coalition].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 5 (Fall): 263-268.

Hartigan, John, Jr.  1997.  “Green Ghettos and the White Underclass” [Detroit; Briggs neighborhood].  Social Research 64 (Summer): 339-365.

Hartigan, John, Jr.  1997.  “Name Calling: Objectifying ‘Poor Whites’ and ‘White Trash’ in Detroit.”  In White Trash: Race and Class in America, eds. Matt Wray and Annalee Newitz, 41-56.  New York: Routledge.

Hartigan, John, Jr.  2000.  “‘Disgrace to the Race’: Hillbillies and the Color Line in Detroit” [1940s-50s; identity].  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 143-158.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Hartigan, John.  1999.  Racial Situations: Class Predicaments of Whiteness in Detroit [Briggs neighborhood; Corktown; Warrendale].  Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.  354 pp.

Hicks Deborah.  2005.  “Class Readings: Story and Discourse among Girls in Working-Poor America” [Cincinnati; pre-teens].  Anthropology & Education Quarterly 36, no. 3 (September): 212-229.

Johnson, Susan Allyn.  2000.  “How the ‘Rubber City’ Became the ‘Capital of West Virginia’: A Case Study of Early Appalachian Migration” [Akron, Ohio; 1900-1930s ].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 6 nos. 1-2 (Spring/Fall): 109-120.

Jones, Robert Emmet, J. Mark Fly, James Talley, and H. Ken Cordell.  2003.  “Green Migration into Rural America: The New Frontier of Environmentalism?” [survey data; inmigrants place higher priority on environmental protection].  Society and Natural Resources 16 (March): 221-238.

Kyriakoudes, Louis M.  2003.  The Social Origins of the Urban South: Race, Gender, and Migration in Nashville and Middle Tennessee, 1890-1930.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.  226 pp.

Laudun, John.  2000.  “‘There’s Not Much to Talk About When You’re Taking Pictures of Houses’: The Poetics of Vernacular Spaces” [Cincinnati; Charlie Kraft’s house; place and identity].  Southern Folklore 57 (no. 2): 135-158.

Lee, Tom.  2005.  The Tennessee-Virginia Tri-Cities: Urbanization in Appalachia, 1900-1950 [Johnson City, Kingsport, Bristol; shift from extractive industry to manufacturing].  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  342 pp.

Lewandowski, James P., and Mark E. Reisinger.  1997.  “Pennsylvania Migration 1985-1995: Responses to the State’s Changing Space-Economy.”  Pennsylvania Geographer 35 (Spring): 5-22.

Liftig, Anya E.  2000.  “A Clear Connection: A Young Woman Tries to Bridge the Communication Gap Between Lost Creek, Ky., and Manhattan.”  Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 17 (Summer): 41-44.

Love, Steve, and David Giffels.  1999.  Wheels of Fortune: The Story of Rubber in Akron [tire industry].  Edited by Debbie Van Tassel, with a foreword by Rita Dove.  Akron, Ohio: University of Akron Press. 359 pp.

Ludke, Robert L., Phillip J. Obermiller, C. Jeff Jacobson Jr., Thomas Shaw, and Victoria E. Wells.  2006.  “‘Sometimes It’s Hard to Figure’: The Functional Health Literacy of Appalachians in a Metropolitan Area” [and coping strategies; Cincinnati; Appalachians and non-Appalachians interviewed].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 12, no. 1 (Spring): 7-25.

Maloney, Michael.  1999.  “Evaluating Education Advocacy Work by the Urban Appalachian Council” [Cincinnati].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 5 (Spring): 129-132.

Mann, Ralph.  1996.  "Mountain Settlement: Appalachian and National Modes of Migration."  Journal of Appalachian Studies 2 (Fall): 337-345.

Merriman-Pacton, Jamie.  2007.  “Moving Forward in Island, Kentucky” [a wake and granddaughter’s reunion].  Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 23, no. 2 (Fall/Winter): 24-27.

Miller, Zane L., and Bruce Tucker.  1998.  Changing Plans for America’s Inner Cities: Cincinnati’s Over-The -Rhine and Twentieth-Century Urbanism.  Urban Life and Urban Landscape Series. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.  227 pp.

Morrill, Richard, and Anthony Falit-Baiamonte.  1999.  “Social and Economic Change and Intrametropolitan Migration” [Atlanta; North Georgia; maps, tables].  In Migration and Restructuring in the United States: A Geographic Perspective, eds. K. Pandit and S. Withers, 59-94.  Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.

Myadze, Theresa.  2000.  “Revisiting Urban Appalachian Ethnicity” [class; culture].  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 181-189.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Obermiller, Phillip J.  2001 [1999].  “Paving the Way: Urban Organizations and the Image of Appalachians.”  In Back Talk from Appalachia: Confronting Stereotypes, eds. D. Billings, G. Norman, and K. Ledford, 251-266.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  Originally published as Confronting Appalachian Stereotypes.

Obermiller, Phillip J.  2004.  “Migration” [history].  In High Mountains Rising: Appalachia in Time and Place, eds. R. Straw and H. Blethen, 88-100.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Obermiller, Phillip J., and Steven R. Howe.  2001.  “New Paths and Patterns of Appalachian Migration, 1975-1990” [one quarter population turnover].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 7 (Fall): 331-348.

Obermiller, Phillip J., and Steven R. Howe.  2004.  “Moving Mountains: Appalachian Migration Patterns, 1995-2000” [tables].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 10, no. 3: 359-371.

Obermiller, Phillip J., and Thomas E. Wagner.  1999.  “Hands-Across-The-Ohio: The Urban Initiatives of the Council of the Southern Mountains, 1954-1971.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 5 (Spring): 5-26.

Obermiller, Phillip J., and Thomas E. Wagner.  2000.  “Cincinnati’s ‘Second Minority’: The Emergence of Appalachian Advocacy, 1953-1973.”  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 193-214.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Obermiller, Phillip J., and Thomas E. Wagner.  2000.  “‘Hands-Across-The-Ohio’: The Urban Initiatives of the Council of the Southern Mountains, 1954-1971” [Chicago].  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 121-140.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Obermiller, Phillip J., and Thomas J. Wagner.  1997.  “Cincinnati’s ‘Second Minority’: The Emergence of Appalachian Advocacy, 1953-1973.”  Appalachian Journal 24 (Spring): 274-295.

Obermiller, Phillip J., comp.  2007.  Historical Sources on Appalachian Migration and Urban Appalachians, 1870-1999: A Selectively Annotated Bibliography [books, articles, dissertations/theses, and newspapers, arranged by decade; literature, bibliographies]. 119 pp.  http://uacvoice.org/research.html.

Obermiller, Phillip J., ed.  1996.  Down Home, Downtown: Urban Appalachians Today.  Dubuque, Ia: Kendall/Hunt.  224 pp.

Obermiller, Phillip J., Michael E. Maloney, and Pauletta Hansel.  2006.  “Appalachians Outside the Region” [out-migration and Urban Appalachians; with suggested readings].  In A Handbook to Appalachia: An Introduction to the Region, eds. G. Edwards, J. Asbury, and R. Cox, 237-252.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Obermiller, Phillip J., Thomas E. Wagner, and E. Bruce Tucker, eds.  2000.  Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration [12 essays].  Introduction, xi-xxiv.  Selected Bibliography, 231-236. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.  242 pp.

Pandit, Kavita.  1997.  “The Southern Migration Turnaround and Current Patterns.”  Southeastern Geographer 37 (November): 238-250.

Pierce, Dan.  1998.  “The Barbarism of the Huns: Family and Community Removal in the Establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.”  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 57 (Spring/Summer): 62-79.

Rowles, Graham D., and John F. Watkins.  1995.  Demographic Change in Appalachia:  Patterns and Trends:  Final Report.  Washington: Appalachian Regional Commission.  16 pp.

Rubin, Miriam.  2008.  “Is Pittsburgh Appalachia?”  Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 24, no. 1 (Spring/Summer): 34-38.   Special issue–“Urbane Appalachia.”

Schnell, George A.  1996.  “Pike County’s Location, Second-Home Population, and Retired In-Migrants: A Prescription for Continued Rapid Growth” [Pa.].  Pennsylvania Geographer  35 (Spring): 23-37.

Schwartz, Tammy A.  2003.  “Urban Appalachian Girls and Writing: Institutional and ‘Other/Ed’ Identities” [eight fifth-graders].  Pedagogy, Culture & Society 11 (no.1): 69-87.

Seaton, Carter Taylor.  2007.  “Those Who Came” [1960s-70s back-to-the-land movement in W.Va.; legacy].  Appalachian Heritage 35, no. 2 (Spring): 74-79.

Stewart, Shirley L., and Connie Rice.  2000.  “The ‘Birds of Passage’ Phenomenon in West Virginia’s Out-Migration” [Chicago; Cleveland].  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 39-47.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Tolnay, Stewart E., et al.  2005.  “Distances Traveled during the Great Migration: An Analysis of Racial Differences among Male Migrants” [little direct mention of Appalachia].  Social Science History 29, no. 4 (Winter): 523-548.

Torres, Nola Hadley.  2005.  “Bringing My People Along: Urban Appalachian Women as Community Builders.”  In Beyond Hill and Hollow: Original Readings in Appalachian Women’s Studies, ed. E. Englehardt, 50-74.  Athens: Ohio University Press.

Tucker, Bruce.  2000.  “Imagining Appalachians: The Berea Workshop on the Urban Adjustment of Southern Appalachian Migrants” [1959-60s; Council of Southern Mountains; annual workshops perpetuated an invented narrative about migrants]. In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 97-120.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Tucker, Bruce.  2000.  “Toward a New Ethnicity: Urban Appalachian Ethnic Consciousness in Cincinnati, 1950-1987.”  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 159-180.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Tucker, Bruce.  2000.  “Transforming Mountain Folk: Roscoe Giffin and the Invention of Urban Appalachia” [1950s “dysfunctional subculture argument”].  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 69-95.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Tucker, E. Carolyn.  2007.  “A Life Lost: The Tensions between Local Attachments and Cosmopolitan Attractions” [Ky.].  Southern Rural Sociology 22, no. 1: 80-97.

Turner, John, Erin Molenda, and Bernie Westendorff.  1996.  "Migrants in Appalachia".  [Avery, Ashe, Alleghany, and Watauga Counties, N.C.]  Journal of Appalachian Studies 2 (Spring): 123-130.

Urbina, Ian.  2006.  “For Many West Virginians, Leaving Is First Step Home” [“economic push to leave and emotional pull to return”].  New York Times, 21 May, (sec. 1).  1136 words.  See multimedia interviews with Denise Giardina, Bob Henry Baber, and others: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/21/us/21west.html.

Wagner, Thomas E., and Phillip J. Obermiller.  1999.  Valuing Our Past, Creating Our Future: The Founding of the Urban Appalachian Council [1973; Cincinnati].  Berea, Ky.: Berea College Press.  106 pp.

Wagner, Thomas E., and Phillip J. Obermiller.  2000.  “Going Home without the Trip: Appalachian Migrant Organizations” [Ill.; Mich.; Ohio].  In Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds. P. Obermiller, T. Wagner, and E. Tucker, 215-230.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

Walker, Gregory Wayne.  1997.  “The White Urban Appalachian: A Call for a Study on Whiteness” [race and social class interaction].  Paper delivered at the 1997 Annual Meeting of The American Sociological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, August 9-13.  Sociological Abstracts 45 (December): 97S33335.

Watkins, John F., Graham D. Rowles, and Shannon L. Bowles.  2004.  “Population Age Structure: Spatial Patterns and Change in Appalachia” [tables; 2000 Census].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 10, no. 3: 255-267.

Werner, Tammy, and Joanna Badagliacco.  2004.  “Appalachian Households and Families in the New Millennium: An Overview of Trends and Policy Implications” [population tables; female-headed households; poverty].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 10, no. 3: 373-388.

Williams, John R.  1997.  “‘Up Here, We Never See the Sun’: Homeplace and Crime in Urban Appalachian Narratives.”  In Usable Pasts: Traditions and Group Expressions in North America, ed. T. Tuleja, 215-231.  Logan: Utah State University Press.