WVU Libraries: Appalachian Bibliography

Ethnicity and Race, African Americans, Immigrants, Native Americans

Alexander, J. Trent. 1998. “The Great Migration in Comparative Perspective: Interpreting the Urban Origins of Southern Black Migrants to Depression-Era Pittsburgh.” Social Science History 22 (Fall): 349-376.

Anglin, Mary K. 2004. “Erasures of the Past: Culture, Power, and Heterogeneity in Appalachia” [African Americans, Cherokees, Melungeons]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 73-84.

Apperson, George M. 2000. “African Americans on the Tennessee Frontier: John Gloucester and His Contemporaries.” Tennessee Historical Quarterly 59 (Spring): 2-19.

Armstead, Robert, as told to S. L. Gardner. 2002. Black Days, Black Dust: The Memories of an African American Coal Miner [1927-2002; Marion Co., W.Va.]. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 272 pp.

Atkinson, James R. 2004. Splendid Land, Splendid People: The Chickasaw Indians to Removal [ Miss., upper Tombigbee River]. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 366 pp.

Bailey, Kenneth R. 2002. “Strange Tongues: West Virginia and Immigrant Labor to 1920” [tables]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 242-258. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Bailey, Ruth Knight. 2004. “Lost Tribes: Indian Mormons in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia” [Amherst, Rockbridge, Nelson Cos.]. In CrossRoads: A Southern Culture Annual, ed. Ted Olson, 135-169. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press.

Baine, Rodney M. 1995. "Indian Slavery in Colonial Georgia." Georgia Historical Quarterly 74 (Summer): 418-424.

Ballard, Ross. 2002. “Doing Fine at 99: A Visit With Melvin Harris” [former miner, teacher; McDowell Co.]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 28 (Spring): 30-35.

Barkey, Frederick A. 2002. “‘Here Come the Boomer ’Talys’: Italian Immigrants and Industrial Conflict in the Upper Kanawha Valley, 1903-1917” [coal; strikes]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 160-189. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Barnard, Susan K., and Grace M. Schwartzman. 1998. “Tecumseh and the Creek Indian War of 1813-1814 in North Georgia.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 82 (Fall): 489-506.

Barrick, Michael. 1998. “An Appetite for Life” [Italian-Americans and eating in Clarksburg, W.Va.]. Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 15 (Spring): 3-5.

Bartoletti, Susan Campbell. 2000. A Coal Miner’s Bride: The Diary of Annetka Kaminska: Lattimer, Pennsylvania, 1896. [Polish immigrants; Pa. anthracite region; young readers historical fiction]. Dear America series. New York: Scholastic. 219 pp.

Bartram, William. 2002. William Bartram On the Southeastern Indians [1739-1823]. Edited by Gregory A. Waselkov and Kathryn E. Braund. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 360 pp.

Battlo, Jean. 1997. “Mining in the Melting Pot: The African American Influx into the McDowell County Mines.” Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 23 (Winter): 46-51.

Battlo, Jean. 1999. “‘Lavoro e Casa’: Memories of an Italian Mining Family” [McDowell Co.; immigrated 1914]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 25 (Spring): 48-55.

Beasley, Brenda Gale. 2002. “‘Trail of the Whispering Giants’: One Man’s Monumental Tribute” [Peter Toth’s numerous, giant, carved, Indian-head statues, include Sequoyah in his 50-state series]. North Carolina Folklore Journal 49 (Fall/Winter): 52-64.

Beaver, Patricia D., and Helen M. Lewis. 1998. “Uncovering the Trail of Ethnic Denial: Ethnicity in Appalachia” [whiteness; class; ethnicity]. In Cultural Diversity in the U.S. South: Anthropological Contributions to a Region in Transition, eds. C. Hill and P. Beaver, 51-68. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 31. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Beck, Monica L. 1998. “‘ A Fer Ways Off from the Big House’: The Changing Nature of Slavery in the South Carolina Backcountry” [York Co.]. In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, eds. D. Crass, et al., 108-136. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Beers, Paul G. 1994. "The Wythe County Lynching of Raymond Bird: Progressivism vs. Mob Violence in the '20s." Appalachian Journal 22 (Fall): 34-59.

Beik, Mildred Allen. 2002. “The Significance of the Lattimer Massacre: Who Owns Its History?” [1897; immigrants]. Pennsylvania History 69 (Winter): 58-70.

Belton, Sandra. 2000. McKendree [juvenile fiction; 1948 W.Va.; African-American girl’s coming-of-age story]. New York: Greenwillow. 262 pp.

Bender, Margaret C. 2002. “The Gendering of Langue and Parole: Literacy in Cherokee” [1820s syllabary]. In Southern Indians and Anthropologists: Culture, Politics, and Identity, eds. L. Lefler and F. Gleach, 77-88. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 35. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Besmann, Wendy Lowe. 2002. A Separate Circle: Jewish Life in Knoxville, Tennessee. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 216 pp.

Bickley, Ancella R. 1997. “Dubie, Spanky, and Mr. Death: West Virginia’s Pioneering Black Airmen” [ W.Va.’s Tuskegee Airmen]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 23 (Summer): 42-44.

Bickley, Ancella R. 2001. “ Camp War: Remembering CCC Company 3538-C” [McDowell Co.; 1935-1942; all-black Civilian Conservation Corps camp]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 27 (Winter): 22-29.

Bickley, Ancella R. 2001. In Spite of Obstacles: A History of The West Virginia Schools for the Colored Deaf and Blind, 1926-1955. Charleston: West Virginia Department of Education and the Arts, Division of Rehabilitation Service. 88 pp.

Bickley, Ancella R. 2003. “Lafadie Belle Whittico: Black Medical Pioneer in Mingo County” [b. 1911; first black nurse, 1930s]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 29 (Winter): 40-45.

Bickley, Ancella R. 2004. “‘Lifting as We Climb’: Charleston Woman’s Improvement League” [black women’s service organization, founded 1898]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 30 (Winter): 54-59.

Bickley, Ancella. 2002. “The West Virginia Schools for the Colored Deaf and Blind” [Institute, W.Va.; 1926-1955]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 28 (Fall): 22-23.

Bilharz, Joy A. 1998. The Allegany Seneca and Kinzua Dam: Forced Relocation Through Two Generations [1960s dam project; displacement of Seneca Indians; Cattaraugus Co., N.Y.]. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 194 pp.

Billingsley, Carolyn Earle. 2004. “Melungeons: A Study in Racial Complexity—A Review Essay” [Walking Toward Sunset: The Melungeons of Appalachia, by Wayne Winkler. ( Macon, Ga.: Mercer Univ. Pr., 2004)]. Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 102 (Spring): 207-223.

Black, Samuel W. 2002. “African American Quilters of Western Pennsylvania.” Western Pennsylvania History 85 (Winter 2002-2003): 26-31.

Blakeman, Scott. 1996. "Night Comes to Berea College: The Day Law and the African-American Reaction." [ Berea, Ky.] Filson Club Quarterly 70 (January): 3-26.

Blanton, Sherry. 1999. “Lives of Quiet Affirmation: The Jewish Women of Early Anniston, Alabama” [role of women in Jewish communal organization]. Southern Jewish History 2: 225-253.

Blaustein, Richard. 2003. The Thistle and the Brier: Historical Links and Cultural Parallels between Scotland and Appalachia [dialect and identity politics]. Contributions to Southern Appalachian Studies, no. 7. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. 174 pp.

Blee, Kathleen M., and Dwight B. Billings. 1996. "Race Differences in the Origins and Consequences of Chronic Poverty in Rural Appalachia." Social Science History 20 (Fall): 345-373.

Blee, Kathleen M., and Dwight B. Billings. 2001. “Race and the Roots of Appalachian Poverty: Clay County, Kentucky, 1850-1910” [Beech Creek study]. In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 165-188. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published under a different title in Social Science History 20 (1996): 345-373.

Blethen, H. Tyler, and Curtis W. Wood, Jr. 1998. From Ulster to Carolina: The Migration of the Scotch-Irish to Southwestern North Carolina. Revised Edition. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History. Published in cooperation with the Appalachian Consortium, Boone, N.C. 71 pp.

Blethen, Tyler. 2002. “Museum of the Cherokee Indian, Qualla Boundary” [2001 Community Tradition Award winner]. North Carolina Folklore Journal 49 (Spring/Summer): 43-44.

Blumer, Thomas J. 2004. Catawba Indian Pottery: The Survival of a Folk Tradition. Contemporary American Indian Studies. University of Alabama Press. 223 pp.

Boudinot, Elias. 1996 [1983]. Cherokee Editor: The Writings of Elias Boudinot. Edited, with an introduction, by Theda Perdue. Reprint, Athens: University of Georgia Press. 243 pp. Originally published, Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press)

Boyd, C. Clifford, Jr. 2004. “Native Americans” [Cherokees]. In High Mountains Rising: Appalachia in Time and Place, eds. R. Straw and H. Blethen, 7-16. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Boyd, Robert. 2001. “Colored Me” [1930s-40s East Tenn.]. In Breathing the Same Air: An East Tennessee Anthology, eds. D. Ivie and L. LaChance, 262-270. Knoxville, Tenn.: Celtic Cat Publishing.

Brattain, Michelle. 2001. The Politics of Whiteness: Race, Workers, and Culture in the Modern South [ Rome and Floyd Cos., Ga., textile workers; 1900-1960s]. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 301 pp.

Brennan, Margaret. 1999. “ Wheeling’s Irish Thread: An O’Brien Family Tale” [ W.Va.; forebears of musicians Tim and Molly O’Brien]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 25 (Spring): 18-25.

Breyer, Stephen. 2003. “The Cherokee Indians and the Supreme Court” [Cherokee lawsuits against Ga. preceding 1836 Removal; U.S. Supreme Court Justice’s keynote address at annual meeting of Georgia Historical Society, April 6, 2002]. Georgia Historical Quarterly 87 (Fall & Winter): 408-426.

Brooks, Elizabeth. 1997. “Elusive Neighbors” [Amish; Lawrence Co., Western Pa.]. Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 14 (Winter): 5-7.

Brown, Les M. 2000. “The Crime of Malachia Hayden: The Loss of Black Community” [race relations; North Cove, McDowell Co., N.C.]. Appalachian Journal 27 (Spring): 250-259.

Brown, Les M., and Joyce Compton Brown. 1998. “Riding the Rail to Legend: The North Cove ‘Tally War’ As Show of Force, As Manipulated Account, As Oral History” [N.C.; 1906; treatment of Italian railroad workers]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 4 (Fall): 225-238.

Brown, M. Christopher, II. 2002. “Good Intentions: Collegiate Desegregation and Transdemographic Enrollments” [Bluefield State College history; W.Va.]. Review of Higher Education 25 (Spring): 263-280.

Brundage, W. Fitzhugh. 2001. “Racial Violence, Lynchings, and Modernization in the Mountain South.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 302-316. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Burchett, Michael H. 1997. “Promise and Prejudice: Wise County, Virginia and the Great Migration, 1910-1920.” Journal of Negro History 82 (Summer): 312-327.

Burnett, Nancy Svet. 2000. “‘Where the Rails Turn Up’: Slovenes Come to Richwood” [1920s-40s; timber and coal boom town]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 26 (Winter): 38-45.

Calhoun, Walker. 1995. "Walker Calhoun: Cherokee Song and Dance Man." Interview by Ted Olson. Appalachian Journal 23 (Fall): 70-77.

Carney, Ginny. 1996. "Cherokee/Appalachian Communities: Remembering the Pattern, Re-Spinning the Web." Journal of Appalachian Studies 2 (Spring): 115-121.

Carson, James Taylor. 2002. “Dollars Never Fail to Melt Their Hearts: Native Women and the Market Revolution” [Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw]. In Neither Lady nor Slave: Working Women of the Old South, eds. S. Delfino and M. Gillespie, 15-33. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Carter, Alice E. 1995. "Segregation and Integration in the Appalachian Coalfields: McDowell County Responds to the 'Brown' Decision." West Virginia History 54: 78-104.

Chirhart, Ann Short. 1998. “‘Gardens of Education’: Beulah Rucker and African-American Culture in the Twentieth-Century Georgia Upcountry” [black educator; 1910s-1960s; Gainesville, Hall Co., Ga.]. Georgia Historical Quarterly 82 (Winter): 829-847.

Cimprich, John. 2001. “Slavery’s End in East Tennessee.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 189-198. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published in East Tennessee Historical Society Publications (1980-1981): 78-89.

Ciotola, Nicholas. 2001. “F is for Fireworks” [history of Italian immigrants’ fireworks industries in Newcastle, Pa., including famous Zambellis]. Western Pennsylvania History 84 (Fall): 10-12.

Coffey, David W. 2000. “Reconstruction and Redemption in Lexington, Virginia” [Rockbridge Co., Va.; 1865-1870]. In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, eds. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 206-220. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Cole, J. Timothy. 2003. The Forest City Lynching of 1900: Populism, Racism, and White Supremacy in Rutherford County, North Carolina [documents murder and lynching of Avery Mills]. Contributions to Southern Appalachian Studies, no. 10. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. 195 pp.

Cometti, Elizabeth. 2002. “Swiss Immigration to West Virginia, 1864-1884: A Case Study” [Helvetia, Randolph Co.]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 50-70. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press. Originally published, Mississippi Valley Historical Review 47 (June 1960): 66-87.

Conley, Robert J. 2000. Cherokee Dragon: A Novel of the Real People [historical fiction; war chief Dragging Canoe, 1737-1791]. New York: St. Martin’s Press. 288 pp.

Conley, Robert J. 2001. “Backtracking from Oklahoma to North Carolina: An Interview with Robert J. Conley” [Cherokee novelist]. By Sandra L. Ballard. Appalachian Journal 28 (Spring): 326-344.

Conley, Robert J. 2002. Sequoyah [fictional biography]. New York: St. Martin’s Press. 213 pp.

Conrad, Maia. 2004. “The Art of Survival: Moravian Indians and Economic Adaptation in the Old Northwest, 1767-1808” [Ohio: Muskingum River region]. Ohio Valley History 4 (Fall): 3-18.

Conway, Cecelia. 2001. “Appalachian Echoes of the African Banjo” [18 th to 20 th centuries]. In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 27-39. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published, Appalachian Journal 20 (1993): 146-161.

Cook, Samuel R. 2000. Monacans and Miners: Native American and Coal Mining Communities in Appalachia [Va.; W.Va.]. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 329 pp.

Cook, Samuel R. 2002. “The Monacan Indian Nation: Asserting Tribal Sovereignty in the Absence of Federal Recognition” [Va.]. Wicazo Sa Review 17 (Fall): 91-116.

Copney, Nancy Jane. 1999. African-American Life in Preston County [W.Va.]. Images of America series. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia. 128 pp.

Cordes, Kathleen Ann. 1999. “Trail of Tears National Historic Trail.” In America’s National Historic Trails [guidebook], by K. Cordes, 131-161. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

Culpepper, Linda Parramore. 2002. “Black Charlestonians in the Mountains: African American Community Building in Post-Civil-War Flat Rock, North Carolina” [Henderson Co.]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 8 (Fall): 362-381.

Cumfer, Cynthia. 2003. “Local Origins of National Indian Policy: Cherokee and Tennessean Ideas About Sovereignty and Nationhood, 1790-1811.” Journal of the Early Republic 23 (Spring): 21-46.

Curriden, Mark, and Leroy Phillips, Jr. 1999. Contempt of Court: The Turn-of-the-Century Lynching That Launched a Hundred Years of Federalism [1906, Chattanooga, Tenn.]. New York: Faber and Faber. 394 pp.

Curtin, Mary Ellen. 2000. Black Prisoners and Their World: Alabama, 1865-1900 [incl. convict coal miners]. Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 261 pp.

Dale, Jack G., Susan Andreatta, and Elizabeth Freeman. 2001. “Language and the Migrant Worker Experience in Rural North Carolina Communities.” In Latino Workers in the Contemporary South, eds. A. D. Murphy, C. Blanchard, and J. A. Hill, 91-104. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 34. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Davis, R. P. Stephen, Jr. 2002. “The Cultural Landscape of the North Carolina Piedmont at Contact.” In The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians, 1540-1760, eds. R. Ethridge and C. Hudson, 135-154. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Deaths at the West Virginia Colored Tuberculosis Sanitarium at Denmar [lists over 1000 deaths and burials, 1919-1946, by name with place and date of birth, date of death, occupation]. 1997. West Virginia History 56: 88-121.

Dew, Charles B. 1994. Bond of Iron: Master and Slave at Buffalo Forge. New York: Norton. 429 pp.

Dew, Charles B. 2001. “Sam Williams, Forgeman: The Life of an Industrial Slave at Buffalo Forge, Virginia.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 74-100. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published in Race, Region, and Reconstruction. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1982.

Dockery, Bill. 1999. “Born to Build: The Architectural Career of De Witt Dykes, Sr.” [Knoxville, Tenn.; black church architect; d. 1991]. Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 16 (Spring): 9-13

Dougherty, Bill. 2001. “‘Nothing But Just Fighting’: The 1936 CCC Race Riot” [Pocahontas Co. CCC camp]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 27 (Winter): 30-33.

Drake, Richard B. 2001. “Slavery and Antislavery in Appalachia.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 16-26. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published, Appalachian Heritage 14 (1986): 25-33.

Drennen, William M., Jr., and Kojo (William T.) Jones, Jr. 2004. Red, White, Black and Blue: A Dual Memoir of Race and Class in Appalachia [1950s-60s Charleston, W.Va.]. Edited by Dolores M. Johnson. Series in Ethnicity and Gender in Appalachia. Athens: Ohio University Press. 248 pp.

Drooker, Penelope B. 2002. “The Ohio Valley, 1550-1750: Patterns of Sociopolitical Coalescence and Dispersal.” In The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians, 1540-1760, eds. R. Ethridge and C. Hudson, 115-133. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Dubofsky, Melvyn. 2002. “The Lattimer Massacre and the Meaning of Citizenship” [1897; immigrant anthracite miners]. Pennsylvania History 69 (Winter): 52-57.

Duggan, Betty J. 1997. “Tourism, Cultural Authenticity, and the Native Crafts Cooperative: The Eastern Cherokee Experience.” In Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective, ed. E. Chambers, 31-57. SUNY Series in Advances in Applied Anthropology. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Duggan, Betty J. 2002. “Voices from the Periphery: Reconstructing and Interpreting Post-Removal Histories of the Duck Town Cherokees” [Polk Co., Tenn. enclave]. In Southern Indians and Anthropologists: Culture, Politics, and Identity, eds. L. Lefler and F. Gleach, 43-68. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 35. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Dunaway, Wilma A. 1999. “Diaspora, Death, and Sexual Exploitation: Slave Families at Risk in the Mountain South.” Appalachian Journal 26 (Winter): 128-149.

Dunaway, Wilma A. 2001. “Put in Master’s Pocket: Cotton Expansion and Interstate Slave Trading in the Mountain South.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 116-132. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Dunaway, Wilma A. 2003. Slavery in the American Mountain South [Weatherford Award winner]. Studies in Modern Capitalism. Cambridge, England; New York: Cambridge University Press. 352 pp.

Dunaway, Wilma A. 2003. The African-American Family in Slavery and Emancipation [Southern Appalachia focus]. Studies in Modern Capitalism. Cambridge, England; New York: Cambridge University Press. 368 pp.

Dunaway, Wilma. 2004. “Letter to the Editor” [in response to reviews of the author’s two books, by Charles L. Purdue and John Alexander Williams, in the winter issue of Appalachian Journal (31: 224-234): Slavery in the American Mountain South and The African-American Family in Slavery and Emancipation, both published by Cambridge University Press, 2003]. Appalachian Journal 31 (Spring/Summer): 272-278.

Duncan, Barbara R., and Brett H. Riggs. 2003. Cherokee Heritage Trails Guidebook [Eastern Cherokee history, culture, photographs]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 368 pp.

Duncan, Barbara R., and James “Bo” Taylor. 2000. “Hanging in the Balance: The Fate of the Cherokee Language in the 21 st Century” [N.C.]. Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 17 (Summer): 35-40.

Duncan, Barbara R., ed. 1998. Living Stories of the Cherokee [N.C.; 72 tales by six tellers]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 253 pp.

Duncan, Barbara. 2002. “Freeman Owle: Storyteller and Stonecarver, Qualla Boundary” [2001 Brown-Hudson Award winner]. North Carolina Folklore Journal 49 (Spring/Summer): 37-39.

Elder, Pat Spurlock. 1999. The Melungeons: Examining an Appalachian Legend [history; surnames]. Blountville, Tenn.: Continuity Press. 394 pp.

Eldridge, Carrie. 1999. Cabell County’s Empire for Freedom: The Manumission of Sampson Sanders’s Slaves [1849 Va. (W.Va.); “A continuous history of an African-American family from 1780 to the present”]. Huntington, W.Va.: John Deaver Drinko Academy for American Political Institution and Civic Culture, Marshall University. 164 pp.

Ellison, John T. 1999. “‘Like So Many Wolves’: Creek Removal in the Cherokee Country, 1835-1838.” Journal of East Tennessee History 71: 1-24.

Engstrom, James D. 2001. “Industry and Immigration in Dalton, Georgia” [carpet manufacturing “capital”]. In Latino Workers in the Contemporary South, eds. A. D. Murphy, C. Blanchard, and J. A. Hill, 44-56. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 34. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Eslinger, Ellen. 1994. "The Shape of Slavery on the Kentucky Frontier, 1775-1800." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 92 (Winter): 1-23.

Eslinger, Ellen. 1999. “The Beginnings of Afro-American Christianity Among Kentucky Baptists” [Bluegrass region]. In The Buzzel About Kentuck: Settling the Promised Land, ed. C. Friend, 196-215. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Eslinger, Ellen. 2000. “‘Sable Spectres on Missions of Evil’: Free Blacks of Antebellum Rockbridge County, Virginia” [tables]. In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, eds. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 194-205. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Ethridge, Robbie, and Charles Hudson, eds. 2002. The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians, 1540-1760 [12 essays]. Chancellor Porter L. Fortune Symposium in Southern History Series. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. 369 pp.

Ethridge, Robbie, and Charles Hudson. 1998. “The Early Historic Transformation of the Southeastern Indians” [16 th century collapse of chiefdoms]. In Cultural Diversity in the U.S. South: Anthropological Contributions to a Region in Transition, eds. C. Hill and P. Beaver, 34-50. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 31. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn. 2003. Creek Country: The Creek Indians and Their World [Ga., Ala., Miss., Tenn.]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 369 pp.

Everett, C. S. 1999. “Melungeon History and Myth.” Appalachian Journal 26 (Summer): 358-409.

Feldman, Lynne B. 1999. A Sense of Place: Birmingham’s Black Middle-Class Community, 1890-1930. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 328 pp.

Fields, Elizabeth Arnett. 1998. “Between Two Cultures: Judge John Martin and the Struggle for Cherokee Sovereignty” [1819-1838]. In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, eds. D. Crass, et al., 182-199. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Finger, John R. 1995. “Cherokee Accommodation and Persistence in the Southern Appalachians.” In Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century, ed. M. Pudup, D. Billings, A. Waller, 25-49. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Finger, John R. 1998. “Tennessee Indian History: Creativity and Power.” In Tennessee History: The Land, The People, and the Culture, ed. C. Van West, 1-28. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Fink, Leon. 2003. The Maya of Morganton: Work and Community in the Nuevo New South [N.C. poultry plants; Guatemalan workers; labor disputes]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 254 pp.

Fitzgerald, David. 2002. Cherokee [pictorial]. Photography by David Fitzgerald; text by Robert J. Conley. Portland, Oreg.: Graphic Arts Center Publishing. 127 pp.

Fitzpatrick, Pat. 2001. “Growing Up In Stumptown” [black neighborhood; Asheville; 1880s-1970]. In May We All Remember Well: A Journal of the History & Cultures of Western North Carolina, Vol. 2, ed. R. S. Brunk, 141-153. Asheville, N.C.: Robert S. Brunk Auction Services, Inc.

Fones-Wolf, Colin T. 2004. “A Union Voice for Racial Equality: Miles Stanley and Civil Rights in West Virginia, 1957-68.” Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 111-128.

Fones-Wolf, Ken, and Ronald L. Lewis, eds. 2002. Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940 [12 essays]. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press. 325 pp.

Fones-Wolf, Ken. 2002. “Caught between Revolutions: Wheeling Germans in the Civil War Era” [(W.)Va.; 1830s, 1850s immigrants; antislavery politics]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 18-47. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Fones-Wolf, Ken. 2002. “Craft, Ethnicity, and Identity: Belgian Glassworkers in West Virginia, 1898-1940” [Clarksburg and Salem]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 112-134. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Frantz, John B. 2001. “The Religious Development of the Early German Settlers in ‘Greater Pennsylvania’: The Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.” Pennsylvania History 68 (Winter): 66-100.

French, Laurence Armand. 1998. The Qualla Cherokee Surviving in Two Worlds [N.C.; negatively reviewed]. Native American Studies, no. 5. Lewiston, N.Y.: E. Mellen Press. 245 pp.

Furbee, Mary R. 2001. Wild Rose: Nancy Ward and the Cherokee Nation [1737-1822; juvenile literature]. Greensboro, N.C.: Morgan Reynolds. 112 pp.

Furbee, Mary Rodd. 1997. “‘I Was Never Afraid of Anything’: Pilot Rose Rolls Cousins” [growing up black in Fairmont, W.Va. and beating the odds to become a licensed pilot]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 23 (Summer): 36-41.

Gardner, S. L. 2004. “Black Days, Black Dust: An Oral History of Life in the Coalfields” [discusses collaboration with Robert Armstead to write his memoir, Black Days, Black Dust: The Memories of an African American Coal Miner (University of Tennessee Press, 2002)]. Traditions: A Journal of West Virginia Folk Culture and Educational Awareness 9: 41-44.

Gardner, Sharon L. 2000. “Memories of a Mining Family: Tony Armstead Recalls Four Generations” [northern W.Va. coalfields; African-American miners]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 26 (Winter): 52-57.

Garrison, Memphis Tennessee. 2001. Memphis Tennessee Garrison: The Remarkable Story of a Black Appalachian Woman [1890-1988; school teacher and union organizer; McDowell Co., W.Va.]. Edited by Ancella R. Bickley and Lynda Ann Ewen; historical afterword by Joe W. Trotter. Ohio University Press Series in Ethnicity and Gender in Appalachia. Athens: Ohio University Press. 272 pp.

Garrison, Tim Alan. 2002. The Legal Ideology of Removal: The Southern Judiciary and the Sovereignty of Native American Nations [1830s, states’ rights leverage]. Studies in the Legal History of the South. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 331 pp.

Gates, Henry Louis. 1994. Colored People: A Memoir [Weatherford Award winner]. New York: Knopf. 216 pp.

Gille, Frank H., ed. 1999. Indians of West Virginia [dictionary; by tribe]. St. Clair Shores, Mich.: Somerset Publishers. 324 pp.

Gilmore, Peter. 2000. “‘A Fiddler Was a Great Acquisition to Any Neighborhood’: Traditional Music and Ulster Culture of the Pennsylvania Frontier” [Scotch-Irish]. Western Pennsylvania History 83 (Fall): 148-165.

Glancy, Diane. 1996. Pushing the Bear: A Novel of The Trail of Tears. Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt Brace.

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Gonzalez, Suronda. 1999. “Forging Their Place in Appalachia: Spanish Immigrants in Spelter, West Virginia” [zinc company town]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 5 (Fall): 197-205.

Gottlieb, Peter. 1997 [1987]. Making Their Own Way: Southern Blacks’ Migration to Pittsburgh, 1916-30. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

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Green, Michael D. 2003. “William McIntosh: The Evolution of a Creek National Idea” [1780s-1840s]. In The Human Tradition in the Old South, ed. J. Klotter, 45-62. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources.

Griffin, Larry J. 2004. “Whiteness and Southern Identity in the Mountain and Lowland South” [tables]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 7-37.

Griffin, Patrick. 2001. The People with No Name: Ireland’s Ulster Scots, America’s Scots Irish, and the Creation of a British Atlantic World: 1689-1764. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 244 pp.

Griffler, Keith P. 2004. Front Line of Freedom: African Americans and the Forging of the Underground Railroad in the Ohio Valley. Ohio River Valley Series. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 169 pp.

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Guthey, Greig. 2001. “Mexican Places in Southern Spaces: Globalization, Work, and Daily Life in and Around the North Georgia Poultry Industry.” In Latino Workers in the Contemporary South, eds. A. D. Murphy, C. Blanchard, and J. A. Hill, 57-67. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 34. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Gutman, Herbert G. 1994. "The Negro and the United Mine Workers of America." In African Americans and Non- Agricultural Labor in the South, 1865-1900, ed. D. Nieman, 49-139. New York: Garland.

Haga, Pauline. 2000. “A Dream Fulfilled: The Life and Times of Parthenia Edmonds” [Beckley, W.Va.; b. 1914; daughter of sharecroppers, granddaughter of slaves]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 26 (Winter): 46-51.

Hagedorn, Ann. 2003. Beyond the River: The Untold Story of the Heroes of the Underground Railroad [John Rankin (1793-1886), Ripley, Ohio]. New York: Simon & Schuster. 333 pp.

Hahn, Steven C. 2002. “ The Mother of Necessity: Carolina, the Creek Indians, and the Making of a New Order in the American Southeast, 1670-1763.” In The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians, 1540-1760, eds. R. Ethridge and C. Hudson, 79-114. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Hail, Raven. 2000. The Cherokee Sacred Calendar: A Handbook of the Ancient Native American Tradition [explains 20 day signs]. Rochester, Vt.: Destiny Books. 141 pp.

Harmon, Alexandra. 2003. “American Indians and Land Monopolies in the Gilded Age” [Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, Seminoles]. Journal of American History 90 (June): 106-133.

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Hauptman, Laurence M. 2001. “General John E. Wool in Cherokee Country, 1836-1837” [pre-Removal assigned peacekeeper]. Georgia Historical Quarterly 85 (Spring): 1-26.

Hawkins, Benjamin. 2003. The Collected Works of Benjamin Hawkins, 1796-1810 [U.S. Indian agent, Southeast (esp. Creek)]. Edited by Thomas Foster. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 664 pp.

Hawkins, Michael. 2002. “Habitus and Ethnicity n the Upper South: To Enslave or Not to Enslave” [Great Appalachian Valley, Va. to Pa.]. Southeastern Geographer 42 (May): 94-113.

Hayden, Wilburn, Jr. 2001. “African Americans in Appalachia: Intensification of Historical Demographic Patterns.” In The Hidden America: Social Problems in Rural America for the Twenty-First Century, ed. R. Moore, 294-304. Selinsgrove, Pa.: Susquehanna University Press.

Hayden, Wilburn, Jr. 2002. “In Search of Justice: White Privilege in Appalachia” [documents urban concentrations of blacks in Appalachian]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 8 (Spring): 120-131.

Hayden, Wilburn, Jr. 2004. “Appalachian Diversity: African-American, Hispanic/Latino, and Other Populations” [tables; 2000 Census]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 10, no. 3: 293-306.

Held, Rick. 2001. “CPR for a Troubled City” [police brutality in Knoxville, Tenn.]. Southern Exposure 28 (Spring/Summer): 17-19.

Henderson, A. Gwynn. 1999. “The Lower Shawnee Town on Ohio: Sustaining Native Autonomy in an Indian ‘Republic’” [Ohio Valley; 1740s-50s]. In The Buzzel About Kentuck: Settling the Promised Land, ed. C. Friend, 24-55. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Henige, David, and Darlene Wilson. 1998. “Brent Kennedy’s Melungeons” [Review essay of N. Brent Kennedy’s The Melungeons: Resurrection of a Proud People; An Untold Story of Ethnic Cleansing in America, 2 nd rev. ed., Macon: Mercer University Press, 1997]. 1: “ The Melungeons Become a Race,” by David Henige, 270-286. 2: “A Response to Henige,” by Darlene Wilson, 286-296. 3: “Henige Answers Wilson,” 297-298. In Appalachian Journal 25 (Spring): 270-298.

Henwood, Dawn. 1999. “Slaveries ‘In the Borders’: Rebecca Harding Davis’s Life in the Iron Mills in Its Southern Context” [antebellum Wheeling, Va.]. Mississippi Quarterly 52 (Fall): 567-592.

Hernandez-Leon, Ruben, and Victor Zuniga. 2000. “‘Making Carpet by the Mile’: The Emergence of a Mexican Immigrant Community in an Industrial Region of the U.S. Historic South” [northwest Ga.]. Social Science Quarterly 81 (March): 49-66.

Hernandez-Leon, Ruben, and Victor Zuniga. 2003. “Mexican Immigrant Communities in the South and Social Capital: The Case of Dalton, Georgia.” Southern Rural Sociology 19, no. 1: 20-45.

High, Ellesa Clay. 2004. “Diversity in Appalachia: The Lessons That Mountains Teach” [adaptations of diverse indigenous and settler cultures vs. stereotyping sovereignty]. Nantahala: A Review of Writing and Photography in Appalachia 2, no. 2 (Winter-Spring): Non-Fiction section, 8 paras. Online at http://nantahalareview.org/issue2-2/non-fiction/HIGH.htm.

Hildago, Tom. 2001. “En las Montanas: Spaniards in Southern West Virginia” [1920s-1940; coal; community life]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 27 (Winter): 52-59.

Hill, Sarah H. 1997. Weaving New Worlds: Southeastern Cherokee Women and Their Basketry. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 414 pp.

Hill, Sarah. 2002. “Made by the Hands of Indians: Cherokee Women and Trade [basketry]. In Neither Lady nor Slave: Working Women of the Old South, eds. S. Delfino and M. Gillespie, 34-54. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Hinshaw, John. 1997. “The Job Strategies of Black Steelworkers in the 1960s and 1970s.” Pittsburgh History 80 (Summer): 70-74.

Hoffman, Carl. 1997. “Building on the Past” [Lee Co., Va., Appalachian African-American Cultural Center]. Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (Jan.-Apr.): 36-40.

Hoffman, Carl. 1997. “Selena Robinson: Steel-Willed Angel” [activist; Brevard, N.C.]. Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (May-August): 36-40.

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Howard, Elizabeth Fitzgerald. 2000. Vergie Goes to School with Us Boys. [juvenile fiction; post-Civil War Jonesborough, Tenn.; African-American]. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. 32 pp.

Hudson, J. Blaine. 2002. Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad in the Kentucky Borderland. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. 205 pp.

Hudson, J. Blaine. 2003. Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad in the Kentucky Borderland [Ohio Valley, Ky., Tenn.]. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. 205 pp.

Hurley, Basil. 1998. “Tales from the Irish Tract” [3000 acres containing 18 Irish farms in 19 th century W.Va.]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 24 (Spring): 38-45. Sidebars: 46-49.

Innes, Pamela. 2004. “Medicine-Making Language among the Muskogee: The Effects of Changing Attitudes.” In Linguistic Diversity in the South: Changing Codes, Practices, and Ideology, ed. M. Bender, 90-103. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 37. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Inscoe, John C. 1995. “Race and Racism in Nineteenth-Century Southern Appalachia: Myths, Realities, and Ambiguities.” In Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century, ed. M. Pudup, D. Billings, A. Waller, 103-131. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Inscoe, John C. 1996 [1989]. Mountain Masters: Slavery and the Sectional Crisis in Western North Carolina. Reprint, Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 369 pp.

Inscoe, John C. 2001 [1999]. “The Racial ‘Innocence’ of Appalachia: William Faulkner and the Mountain South.” In Back Talk from Appalachia: Confronting Stereotypes, eds. D. Billings, G. Norman, and K. Ledford, 85-97. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Originally published as Confronting Appalachian Stereotypes.

Inscoe, John C. 2001. “Introduction.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 1-15. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Inscoe, John C. 2001. “Olmstead in Appalachia: A Connecticut Yankee Encounters Slavery and Racism in the Southern Highlands, 1854” [Frederick Law Olmstead]. In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 154-164. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published, Slavery & Abolition 9 (1988): 171-182.

Inscoe, John C. 2004. “Race and Remembrance in West Virginia: John Henry for a Post-Modern Age” [examines the novel John Henry Days, by Colson Whitehead (Doubleday, 2001)]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 85-94.

Inscoe, John C. 2004. “Slavery and African Americans in the Nineteenth Century.” In High Mountains Rising: Appalachia in Time and Place, eds. R. Straw and H. Blethen, 30-45. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Inscoe, John C., ed. 2001. Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation [18 essays]. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 392 pp.

Irwin, Ned L. 2003. “Cone and Adler: Old World Ways and a New World Business” [1850s-60s Jonesboro; German-Jewish merchants]. Journal of East Tennessee History 74 (2002): 38-57.

Ishii, Izumi. 2003. “Alcohol and Politics in the Cherokee Nation before Removal.” Ethnohistory 50 (Fall): 671-695.

Jamison, Philip A. 2003. “Square Dance Calling: The African-American Connection.” Journal of Appalachian Studies 9 (Fall): 387-398.

Jenkins, Bobby. 2002. “Citizen of the Appalachians” [Charles Litton, Norton, Va., whose integrated Little League team won the State Championship in 1951]. Appalachian Heritage 30 (Summer): 24-31.

Jennings, Kathy. 1998. “White Like Me: A Confession on Race, Region, and Class.” Appalachian Journal 25 (Winter): 150-174.

Johnson, Jay K. 2000. “The Chickasaws” [Miss.]. In Indians of the Greater Southeast: Historical Archaeology and Ethnohistory, ed. B. McEwan, 85-121. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

Johnson, Susan. 2002. “West Virginia Rubber Workers in Akron” [outmigration, 1910s-1950s]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 298-315. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Johnson-Web, Karen D. 2002. “Employer Recruitment and Hispanic Labor Migration: North Carolina Urban Areas at the End of the Millennium.” Professional Geographer 54 (August): 406-421.

Johnston, Carolyn. 2003. Cherokee Women in Crisis: Trail of Tears, Civil War, and Allotment, 1838-1907 [gender roles; matriarchal society]. Contemporary American Indian Studies. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 227 pp.

Jones, William S. 2004. “Tennessee Places: The Legacy of the Trail of Tears in Van Buren County.” Tennessee Historical Quarterly 63 (Spring): 48-52.

Jordan, Norman. 1999. “An African American Landmark in Fayette County: Camp Washington-Carver” [opened 1942 as a 4-H camp for African Americans]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 25 (Winter): 56-63.

Kandel, William. 2004. New Patterns of Hispanic Settlement in Rural America [maps, tables]. Rural Development Research Report, no. 99. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. 44 pp. Online at http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/rdrr99/.

Karickhoff, Connie. 1998. “Photographer William H. Jordan: A Portrait of Ansted’s Black Community” [Fayette Co.; 1930s and 40s]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 24 (Winter): 44-51.

Kasdorf, Julia. 1997. “Mountains, Valleys, and a Place to Begin” [Mennonite Kishacoquillas Valley, Central Pa.]. Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 14 (Winter): 3-4.

Keefe, Susan E., and Jodie D. Manross. 1999. “Race, Religion, and Community: The Demolition of a Black Church” [Boone Chapel, Watauga Co., N.C.; built 1898]. Appalachian Journal 26 (Spring): 252-263.

Keller, Kenneth W. 1997. “The Outlook of Rhinelanders on the Virginia Frontier.” In Diversity and Accommodation: Essays on the Cultural Composition of the Virginia Frontier, ed. M. Puglisi, 99-126. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Kelly, Brian. 1998. “Policing the ‘Negro Eden’: Racial Paternalism in the Alabama Coalfields, 1908-1921. Part One.” Alabama Review 51 ( July): 163-183.

Kelly, Brian. 1998. “Policing the ‘Negro Eden’: Racial Paternalism in the Alabama Coalfields, 1908-1921. Part Two.” Alabama Review 51 (October): 243-265.

Kelly, Brian. 2001. Race, Class, and Power in the Alabama Coalfields, 1908-21. The Working Class in American History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 264 pp.

Kelton, Paul. 2002. “The Great Southeastern Smallpox Epidemic, 1696-1700: The Region’s First Major Epidemic?” In The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians, 1540-1760, eds. R. Ethridge and C. Hudson, 21-37. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Kennedy, N. Brent, and Robyn V. Kennedy. 1994. The Melungeons - The Resurrection of a Proud People: An Untold Story of Ethnic Cleansing in America. Macon: Mercer University Press.

Kenny, Kevin. 1995. "The Molly Maguires and the Catholic Church." Labor History 36 (Summer): 345-376.

Kenzer, Robert C. 1994. "Black Businessmen in Post-Civil War Tennessee." Journal of East Tennessee History 66: 59-80.

Kessler, John S., and Donald B. Ball. 2001. North From the Mountains: A Folk History of the Carmel Melungeon Settlement, Highland County, Ohio. Melungeons (series), no. 2. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press. 220 pp.

Kharif, Wali R. 2004. “Slavery, Freedom, and Citizenship: African American Contributions to the Upper Cumberland” [Ky., Tenn.; Census table, 1860]. In Rural Life and Culture in the Upper Cumberland, eds. M. Birdwell and W. Dickinson, 105-121. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Killebrew, Libby Pearson; Kennedy, N. Brent; Everett, C. S. 2000. Letters to the editor in response to C. S. Everett’s “Melungeon History and Myth” [Appalachian Journal 26 (Summer, 1999): 358-409]. 1: Libby Pearson Killebrew, 120-123. 2: N. Brent Kennedy, 124-128. 3: “Everett Answers Killebrew and Kennedy: A Dissenting Voice in the Discourse of Descent,” 129-140. Appalachian Journal 27 (Winter): 120-140.

Klaus, William B. 2002. “Uneven Americanization: Italian Immigration to Marion County, 1900-1925” [charts]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 190-214. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Kline, Michael. 1997. “Hand-Clapping and Hallelujahs: A Visit with Ethel Caffie-Austin” [W.Va.’s “First Lady of Gospel Music”]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 23 (Winter): 28-35.

Kline, Michael. 2002. “Where the Ravens Roost: Songs and Ceremonies of Big Cove” [Cherokee, N.C.]. In American Musical Traditions. Vol. 1, Native American Music, eds. J. Titon and B. Carlin, 15-18. New York: Schirmer Reference.

Knowles, Anne Kelly. 1997. Calvinists Incorporated: Welsh Immigrants on Ohio’s Industrial Frontier [1830-1870; Gallia and Jackson Counties; charcoal iron furnace industry]. University of Chicago Geography Research Paper, no. 240. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 330 pp.

Knowles, Anne Kelly. 2002. “Wheeling Iron and the Welsh: A Geographical Reading of Life in the Iron Mills” [1861; early “realist” fiction by Rebecca Harding Davis]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 216-241. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Kraina, Jane, and Mary Zwierzchowski. 1998. “Death of a Gypsy King” [Zeke Marks; 1931; Weirton, W.Va.]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 24 (Winter): 18-22.

Krause, Bonnie J. 2003. “‘We Did Move Mountains!’ Lucy Saunders Herring, North Carolina Jeanes Supervisor and African American Educator, 1916-1968” [Asheville, Buncombe Co.]. North Carolina Historical Review 80 (April): 188-212.

Kraver, Jeraldine. 2002. “‘Mobile Images’: Myth and Resistance in Nikky Finney’s Rice” [Toronto: Sister Vision P (1995); Finney is a founding member of the Affrilachian Poets]. Southern Literary Journal 34 (Spring): 134-147.

Lakin, Matthew. 2000. “‘A Dark Night’: The Knoxville Race Riot of 1919.” Journal of East Tennessee History 72: 1-29.

Langdon, Barbara Tracy. 1998. The Melungeons: An Annotated Bibliography: References in Both Fiction and Non-Fiction. Woodville, Tex.: Dogwood Press. 82 pp.

Latinos in the South [five articles: Ga., Ala., Ark.]. 2003. Guest editors, Rogelio Saenz and Cruz Torres. Special issue, Southern Rural Sociology 19, no. 1: 1-122.

Lawrence, Randy, and Ken Sullivan. 1997. “Black Migration to Southern West Virginia, 1870-1930.” Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 23 (Winter): 52-53. Previously published, Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 5, no.4, 1979.

Letwin, Daniel. 1997. The Challenge of Interracial Unionism: Alabama Coal Miners, 1878-1921. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Levin, Marjorie, ed. 1999. The Jews of Wilkes-Barre: 150 Years (1845-1995) in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania. Wilkes-Barre, Pa.: Jewish Community Center of Wyoming Valley. 367 pp.

Lewis, David, Jr., and Ann T. Jordan. 2002. Creek Indian Medicine Ways: The Enduring Power of Mvskoke Religion. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 194 pp.

Lewis, Ronald L. 1994. "Job Control and Race Relations in the Coal Fields, 1870-1920." In African Americans and Non-Agricultural Labor in the South, 1865-1900, ed. D. Nieman, 245-275. New York: Garland.

Lewis, Ronald L. 1996. "Coal Miners and the Social Equality Wedge in Alabama, 1880-1908." In The United Mine Workers of America: A Model of Industrial Solidarity?, ed. J. Laslett, 297-319. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Lewis, Ronald L. 2001. “African American Convicts in the Coal Mines of Southern Appalachia.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 259-283. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published as chapter 2 in Ronald L. Lewis, Black Coal Miners in America, Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1987.

Lewis, Ronald L. 2002. “Americanizing Immigrant Coal Miners in Northern West Virginia: Monongalia County between the World Wars” [tables; Scotts Run]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 260-296. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Lichtenstein, Alex. 1995. "Racial Conflict and Racial Solidarity in the Alabama Coal Strike of 1894: New Evidence for the Gutman-Hill Debate." Labor History 36 (Winter): 63-76.

Linebaugh, Donald W. 1998. “Folk Art, Architecture, and Artifact: Toward a Material Understanding of the German Culture in the Upper Valley of Virginia.” In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, eds. D. Crass, et al., 200-220. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Littleton, Robert A. 2003. “Community among African American Students on Small, Predominantly White Campuses: The Unforeseen ‘Minority within a Minority’ Experience” [experiences of 16 black students at four Appalachian colleges]. NASPA Journal 40 (Summer): 83-104. Online at http://publications.naspa.org/naspajournal/vol40/iss4/art6/.

Longenecker, Stephen L. 2000. “The Narrow Path: Antislavery, Plainness, and the Mainstream” [Rockingham Co., Va., Mennonites, Methodists, and Dunkers]. In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, eds. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 185-193. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Lucas, Marion B. 1997. “African Americans on the Kentucky Frontier” [1751-1800]. Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 95 (Spring): 121-134.

Luconi, Stefano. 1996. “The Origin and Development of the Italian Community in Patton, Pennsylvania” [Cambria County]. The Pennsylvania Geographer 34 (Fall/Winter): 135-149.

Luconi, Stefano. 1999. “The Machine Boss as a Symbolic Leader” [John R. Torquato; Italian Americans; Cambria Co., Pa.; 1928-1975]. Oral History Review 26 (Winter/Spring): 45-66.

Makricosta, Pamela. 1997. “A Bundle of Treasures: Greeks in West Virginia.” Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 23 (Winter): 36-45.

Mallinson, Christine, and Becky Childs. 2004. “The Intersection of Regional and Ethnic Identity: African American English in Appalachia.” Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 129-142.

Mallinson, Christine. 2004. “Constructing Ethnolinguistic Groups: A Sociolinguistic Case Study” [nonwhite community; Beech Bottom, Avery Co., N.C.]. In Linguistic Diversity in the South: Changing Codes, Practices, and Ideology, ed. M. Bender, 66-79. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 37. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Marty, Debian. 1999. “White Antiracist Rhetoric as Apologia: Wendell Berry’s The Hidden Wound.” In Whiteness: The Communication of Social Identity, eds. T. Nakayama, J. Martin, 51-68. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.

Mason, Matthew. 2002. “Paddy vs. Paddy: Labor Unrest and Provincial Identities along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad” [Irish; 1840s-50s]. In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 2-17. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

McClelland, Janice M. 1997. “A Structural Analysis of Desegregation: Clinton High School, 1954-1958" [Anderson Co., Tenn., near Oak Ridge]. Tennessee Historical Quarterly 56 (Winter): 296-309.

McKee, Larry. 2000. “The Archaeological Study of Slavery and Plantation Life in Tennessee.” Tennessee Historical Quarterly 59 (Fall): 188-203.

McKinney, Gordon B. 2001. “Southern Mountain Republicans and the Negro, 1865-1900.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 199-219. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published, The Journal of Southern History 41 (1975): 473-495.

McLoughlin, William G. 1994. The Cherokees and Christianity, 1794-1870: Essays on Acculturation and Cultural Persistence. Edited by Walter H. Conser, Jr. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 360 pp.

McLoughlin, William G. [1984] 1995. Cherokees and Missionaries, 1789-1839. Second edition, with a foreword by William L. Anderson, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 375 pp.

Meredith, Mary Ellen, and Howard Meredith. 2003. Reflection on Cherokee Literary Expression [portrait drawings of seven]. Native American Studies, no. 12. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press. 128 pp.

Merritt, Jane T. 2003. At the Crossroads: Indians and Empires on a Mid-Atlantic Frontier, 1700-1763 [Pa.]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture, Williamsburg, Va. 338 pp.

Milbauer, John A. 2000. “Fish Poisoning Among the Cherokees” [use of plants such as mullein to drug and catch fish]. Mid-America Folklore 28 (nos. 1 and 2): 7-11.

Minchin, Timothy J. 1998. “‘Color Means Something’: Black Pioneers, White Resistance, and Interracial Unionism in the Southern Textile Industry, 1957-1980.” Labor History 39 (May): 109-133.

Minchin, Timothy J. 1999. “Black Activism, the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and the Racial Integration of the Southern Textile Industry.” The Journal of Southern History 65 (November): 809-844.

Minchin, Timothy J. 1999. Hiring the Black Worker: The Racial Integration of the Southern Textile Industry, 1960-1980 [20 tables]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 342 pp.

Minchin, Timothy J. 2001. The Color of Work: The Struggle for Civil Rights in the Southern Paper Industry, 1945-1980. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 277 pp.

Mitchell, Anne V. 1997. “Culture, History, and Development on the Qualla Boundary: The Eastern Cherokees and the Blue Ridge Parkway, 1935-40.” Appalachian Journal 24 (Winter): 144-191.

Monteith, Carmaleta L. 1998. “Doctors, Lawyers, Indian Chiefs: Indian Identity in the South” [tribal identity “commodified”]. In Cultural Diversity in the U.S. South: Anthropological Contributions to a Region in Transition, eds. C. Hill and P. Beaver, 69-81. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 31. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Moser, Barry. 2002. “Across the Street and up the Hill” [personal essay; 1950s segregated Chattanooga]. Sewanee Review 110 (Winter): 44-55.

Mould, Tom. 2003. Choctaw Prophecy: A Legacy of the Future [Miss.]. Contemporary American Indian Studies. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 263 pp.

Moxley, Tonia. 2003. “Appalachian Colors: Revolutionary Scholarship is Changing the Way We Look at Race and Class in the Mountains” [Wilma Dunaway]. Southern Exposure 31 (Spring): 38-41.

Moxley, Tonia. 2003. “Remembering the Saltville Massacre” [1864 Va.; 40 black soldiers]. Southern Exposure 31, nos. 3-4 (Winter 2003/2004): 34-37.

Neely, Sharlotte. 1995. The Role of Christianity in the Snowbird Cherokee Community. In Religion in the Contemporary South: Diversity, Community, and Identity, eds. O.K. White, Jr., and D. White. Pp. 46-55. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 28. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Neely, Sharlotte. 1998. “Tradition and Change in the World of Cherokee Women” [review essay of Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835, by Theda Perdue (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998)]. Georgia Historical Quarterly 82 (Winter): 848-855.

Nelson, Bruce. 1997. “‘CIO Meant One Thing for the Whites and Another Thing for Us’: Steelworkers and Civil Rights, 1936-1974.” In Southern Labor in Transition, 1940-1995, ed. R. Zieger, 113-145. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Neville, Gwen Kennedy. 1998. “Cultures and Communities in the New Old South: White Anglo-Saxon Protestants” [immigrant diversity]. In Cultural Diversity in the U.S. South: Anthropological Contributions to a Region in Transition, eds. C. Hill and P. Beaver, 82-92. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 31. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Newberry, Elizabeth. 2000. “Poets Turned Prophets: Affrilachian Poets Claim the Space Between Two Worlds.” Sojourners 29 (September/October): 50-51, 53.

Noe, Kenneth W. 2001. “‘A Source of Great Economy’? The Railroad and Slavery’s Expansion in Southwest Virginia, 1850-1860.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 101-115. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published as chapter 4 in Kenneth W. Noe, Southwest Virginia’s Railroad, Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1994.

Nolt, Steven M. 2002. Foreigners in Their Own Land: Pennsylvania Germans in the Early Republic. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 238 pp.

Norgren, Jill. 2004 [1996]. The Cherokee Cases: Two Landmark Federal Decisions in the Fight for Sovereignty [1830s]. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 212 pp. Originally published, New York: McGraw-Hill, as The Cherokee Cases: The Confrontation of Law and Politics.

O’Brien, Greg. 2001. “The Conqueror Meets the Unconquered: Negotiating Cultural Boundaries on the Post-Revolutionary Southern Frontier” [Ango-Choctaw diplomacy; 1785-1786; S.C.]. The Journal of Southern History 67 (February): 39-72.

O’Brien, Greg. 2002. Choctaws in a Revolutionary Age, 1750-1830. Indians of the Southeast. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 158 pp.

O’Donnell, James H. 2004. Ohio’s First Peoples [Adena and Hopewell, Wyandots (1840 removal), Shawnee, and Delaware]. Ohio Bicentennial Series. Athens: Ohio University Press. 176 pp.

O’Donnell, Kevin. 2004. “The Artist in the Garden: George Cooke and the Ideology of Fine Arts Painting in Antebellum Georgia” [Cooke’s ignorance and portrayal of Cherokees following 1838 Removal]. In CrossRoads: A Southern Culture Annual, ed. Ted Olson, 72-96. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press.

Oakley, Christopher Arris. 2001. “Indian Gaming and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians” [casinos]. North Carolina Historical Review 78 (April): 133-155.

Oliphant, John. 2000. Peace and War on the Anglo-Cherokee Frontier, 1756-63. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 272 pp.

Osborne, Guy Larry. 2004. “Fighting Racism in Appalachia: A Progress Report from the Grassroots” [social change organizations]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 143-151.

Ostwalt, Conrad, and Phoebe Pollitt. 2001. “The Salem School and Orphanage: White Missionaries, Black School” [N.C.]. In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 235-244. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published under a different title in Appalachian Journal 20 (1993): 265-275.

Owen, Christopher H. 1994. "'To Refrain From ... Political Affairs': Southern Evangelicals, Cherokee Missions, and the Spirituality of the Church." Tennessee Historical Quarterly 53 (Spring): 20-29.

Owens, Sadie. 2001. “Through Sadie’s Eyes: An Interview with Sadie Owens” [1940s? Rabun Co., Ga.; African American]. Interview by Corley Brown and Joni Ramey. Foxfire Magazine 35 (Fall/Winter): 98-107.

Pearson, Brooks C. 1997. “18 th and 19 th Century Welsh Migration to the United States.” Pennsylvania Geographer 35 (Spring): 38-54.

Perdue, Theda, and Michael D. Green. 2001. The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Southeast. The Columbia Guides to American Indian History and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press. 325 pp.

Perdue, Theda, ed. 1995. The Cherokee Removal: A Brief History With Documents. Introduction by Michael D. Green. The Bedford Series in History & Culture. Boston: St. Martin's Press. 185 pp.

Perdue, Theda. 1998. Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835. Indians of the Southeast. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 253 p.

Perdue, Theda. 2002. “The Trail of Tears: Removal of the Southern Indians in the Jeffersonian-Jacksonian Era.” In “They Made Us Many Promises”: The American Indian Experience, 1524 to the Present, ed. P. Weeks, 67-84. Wheeling, Ill.: Harlan Davidson.

Perdue, Theda. 2003. “Mixed Blood” Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South. Mercer University Lamar Memorial Lectures, no. 45. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 135 pp.

Perlman, Robert. 2001. From Shtetl to Milltown: Litvaks, Hungarians, and Galizianers in Western Pennsylvania, 1875-1925. Pittsburgh: Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania. 124 pp.

Perlman, Robert. 2001. From Shtetl to Milltown: Litvaks, Hungarians, and Galizianers in Western Pennsylvania, 1875-1925. Pittsburgh: Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania. 123 pp.

Phillips, Joyce B., and Paul Gary Phillips, eds. 1998. The Brainerd Journal: A Mission to the Cherokees, 1817-1823 [Tenn.]. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 584 pp.

Piker, Joshua Aaron. 2003. “‘White & Clean’ & Contested: Creek Towns and Trading Paths in the Aftermath of the Seven Years’ War” [Upper Creek towns]. Ethnohistory 50 (Spring): 315-347.

Piker, Joshua. 2004. “Colonists and Creeks: Rethinking the Pre-Revolutionary Southern Backcountry” [land settlement; map]. Journal of Southern History 70 (August): 503-540.

Pinson, Vera Hennessee. 2001. “An Early Czech Community in Putnam County” [autobiography excerpt; 1921 White Co., Tenn.; coal town]. Tennessee Folklore Society Bulletin 60 (no. 1): 25-31.

Policing the Police [feature: police brutality]. 2000. “CPR for a Troubled City” [Knoxville, Tenn.], by Rick Held, 17-19; “No Justice; Disturbing the Peace” [Chattanooga, Tenn.], by Jordan Green, 20-22. Southern Exposure 28 (Spring/Summer): 17-22.

Pollard, Kelvin M. 2004. “A ‘New Diversity’: Race and Ethnicity in the Appalachian Region” [tables; 1990, 2000 census data]. Demographic and Socioeconomic Change in Appalachia. Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission, Online Resource Center. 42 pp. http://arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=2310.

Potter, Chris. 2001. “You Had to Ask” [Pittsburgh’s Chinatown, short history]. Western Pennsylvania History 84 (Fall): 48.

Power, Susan C. 2004. Early Art of the Southeastern Indians: Feathered Serpents & Winged Beings [Ch. 2: Adena and Hopewell]. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 254 pp.

Puckett, Anita. 2001. “The Melungeon Identity Movement and the Construction of Appalachian Whiteness.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 11 (June): 131-146.

Puckett, Anita. 2001. “The Melungeon Identity Movement and the Construction of Appalachian Whiteness.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 11 (June): 131-146.

Ray, Celeste. 2001. Highland Heritage: Scottish Americans in the American South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 256 pp.

Ray, Celeste. 2003. “‘Thigibh!’ Means ‘Y’all Come!’: Renegotiating Regional Memories through Scottish Heritage Celebration” [Grandfather Mountain, N.C., and elsewhere]. In Southern Heritage on Display: Public Ritual and Ethnic Diversity within Southern Regionalism, ed. Celeste Ray, 251-282. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.

Reed, Betty Jamerson. 2004. The Brevard Rosenwald School: Black Education and Community Building in a Southern Appalachian Town, 1920-1966 [Transylvania Co., N.C.]. Contributions to Southern Appalachian Studies, no 11. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. 235 pp.

Reed, John Shelton. 1997. “Mixing in the Mountains” [multi-racial Melungeons]. Southern Cultures 3 (Winter): 25-36.

Reed, John Shelton. 1997. “The Cherokee Princess in the Family Tree” [ancestry poll]. Southern Cultures 3 (no. 1): 111-113.

Rees, Martha W. 2001. “How Many Are There? Ethnographic Estimates of Mexican Women in Atlanta, Georgia.” In Latino Workers in the Contemporary South, eds. A. D. Murphy, C. Blanchard, and J. A. Hill, 36-43. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 34. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Rice, Connie L. 1996. "The 'Separate but Equal' Schools of Monongalia County's Coal Mining Communities." [W.Va.] Journal of Appalachian Studies 2 (Fall): 323-335.

Rice, Connie Park. 1999. Our Monongalia: A History of African Americans in Monongalia County, West Virginia. Terra Alta, W.Va.: Headline Books. 271 pp.

Richardson, Darlene. 2002. “Restructuring a Community with Oral History” [African American communities in Vinton, adjacent Roanoke, Va.]. Oral History Review 29 (Summer/Fall): 97-102.

Riggs, Brett. 1997. “The Christie Cabin Site: Historical and Archaeological Evidence of the Life and Times of a Cherokee ‘Metis’ Household (1835-1838).” In May We All Remember Well: A Journal of the History & Cultures of Western North Carolina, Vol. 1, ed. R. S. Brunk, 228-248. Asheville, N.C.: Robert S. Brunk Auction Services Inc.

Riggs, Brett. 2002. “In the Service of Native Interests: Archaeology for, of, and by Cherokee People” [Macon Co., N.C.; repatriation; Kituwha]. In Southern Indians and Anthropologists: Culture, Politics, and Identity, eds. L. Lefler and F. Gleach, 19-30. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 35. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Robinson, Sherry. 2003. “Marilou Awiakta on Environment, Culture, and Community: A Native Perspective.” Journal of Kentucky Studies 20 (September): 123-129.

Rodning, Christopher B. 2002. “Reconstructing the Coalescence of Cherokee Communities in Southern Appalachia.” In The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians, 1540-1760, eds. R. Ethridge and C. Hudson, 155-175. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Rohrer, S. Scott. 2002. “Searching for Land and God: The Pietist Migration to North Carolina in the Late Colonial Period” [Moravian Church; from Germany to Wachovia community (Forsyth Co.)]. North Carolina Historical Review 79 (October): 409-439.

Roinila, Mika. 2003. “From Monessen to Clarksburg and Beyond: The Finnish Ethnicity in Central Appalachia” [Pa. to W.Va., 1910-1990]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 9 (Spring): 49-67.

Romain, William F. 2000. Mysteries of the Hopewell: Astronomers, Geometers, and Magicians of the Eastern Woodlands. Series on Ohio Culture and History. Akron, Ohio: University of Akron Press. 272 pp.

Ronda, James P. 2002. “‘We Have a Country’: Race, Geography, and the Invention of Indian Territory.” In Race and the Early Republic: Racial Consciousness and Nation-Building in the Early Republic, eds. M. Morrison and J. Stewart, 159-176. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. Originally published in Journal of the Early Republic 19 (Winter 1999): 739-755.

Rozema, Vicki, ed. 2002. Cherokee Voices: Early Accounts of Cherokee Life in the East. Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair. 180 pp.

Rozema, Vicki, ed. 2003. Voices from the Trail of Tears [first person accounts; 1838]. Real Voices, Real History Series. Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair. 176 pp.

Rozema, Vicki. 1995. Footsteps of the Cherokees: A Guide to the Eastern Homelands of the Cherokee Nation. Winston-Salem: John F. Blair. 396 pp.

Salaita, Steven. 2001. “Borderlands, Homelands and Flatlands” [reflections of a West Virginian Arab-American]. Appalachian Heritage 29 (Winter): 8-15.

Saunt, Claudio. 2004. “The Paradox of Freedom: Tribal Sovereignty and Emancipation during the Reconstruction of Indian Territory” [slaveholding among Southeastern tribes]. Journal of Southern History 70 (February): 63-94.

Schrift, Melissa. 2003. “Melungeons and the Politics of Heritage” [settlement areas map]. In Southern Heritage on Display: Public Ritual and Ethnic Diversity within Southern Regionalism, ed. Celeste Ray, 106-129. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.

Scolnick, Joseph M., Jr., and N. Brent Kennedy. 2003. From Anatolia to Appalachia: A Turkish-American Dialogue [interviews; sources; DNA study]. The Melungeons: History, Culture, Ethnicity, & Literature, no. 4. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press. 130 pp.

Sheidley, Nathaniel. 1999. “Hunting and the Politics of Masculinity in Cherokee Treaty-Making, 1763-75. In Empire and Others: British Encounters with Indigenous Peoples, 1600-1850, eds. M. Daunton, R. Halpern, 167-185. Critical Histories series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Shevitz, Amy Hill. 2003. “‘Richest and Best / Is the Wine of the West’: The Ohio River Valley and the Jewish Frontier.” Ohio History 112 (Winter-Spring): 4-18. Online at http://publications.ohiohistory.org/.

Silber, Nina. 2001. “‘What Does America Need So Much as Americans?’ Race and Northern Reconciliation with Southern Appalachia, 1870-1900” [outsider-mythologized, racially-pure, Anglo-Saxon Appalachia]. In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 245-258. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Simmons, J. Susanne, and Nancy T. Sorrells. 2000. “Slave Hire and the Development of Slavery in Augusta County, Virginia.” In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, eds. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 169-184. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Simms, William Gilmore. 2003. An Early and Strong Sympathy: The Indian Writings of William Gilmore Simms [essays and letters, stories, poems]. Edited by John Caldwell Guilds and Charles Hudson. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press for the South Caroliniana Library with the assistance of the Caroline McKissick Dial Publication Fund and the University Caroliniana Society. 604 pp.

Smith, Barbara Ellen. 2004. “De-Gradations of Whiteness: Appalachia and the Complexities of Race.” Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 38-57.

Smith, Ethel Morgan. 2000. From Whence Cometh My Help: The African American Community at Hollins College [Roanoke, Va.]. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. 147 pp.

Smith, Heather Anne, and Owen J. Furuseth. 2004. “Housing, Hispanics and Transitioning Geographies in Charlotte, North Carolina.” Southeastern Geographer 44 (November): 216-235.

Smith, Jennifer Lund. 2001. “Negotiating the Terms of Freedom: The Quest for Education in an African American Community in Reconstruction North Georgia” [Lumpkin Co.]. In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 220-234. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Smith, Joanne Johnson, Florence Kennedy Barnett, and Lois Kennedy Croston. 1999. “We the People of Chestnut Ridge: A Native Community in Barbour County” [often referred to as “Guineas”; cf. Melungeons]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 25 (Fall): 30-37.

Smith, John David. 1997. “Review Essay: New Scholarship on John G. Fee and the Early Years of Berea College.” Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 95 (Winter): 79-85. [reviews The Evangelical War against Slavery and Race: The Life and Times of John G. Fee (1996), by Victor B. Howard; and A Utopian Experiment in Kentucky: Integration and Social Equality at Berea, 1866-1904 (1996), by Richard Sears]

Smith, Marvin T. 2002. “Aboriginal Population Movements in the Postcontact Southeast.” In The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians, 1540-1760, eds. R. Ethridge and C. Hudson, 3-20. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Smith, William Jay. 2000. The Cherokee Lottery: A Sequence of Poems [of 1838 Trail of Tears forced relocation]. Willimantic, Conn.: Curbstone Press. 97 pp.

Snow, Dean R. 2001. “The Lessons of Northern Iroquoian Demography” [A.D. 750-1996]. In Archaeology of the Appalachian Highlands, eds. L. Sullivan and S. Prezzano, 264-277. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Stealey, John E., III. 2001. “Slavery in the Kanawha Salt Industry” [antebellum Va. (W.Va.)]. In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 50-73. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published as chapter 2 in John E. Stealey, III, The Antebellum Kanawha Salt Business and Western Markets, Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1993.

Stenger, Mary Beth. 2002. “Lebanese in the Land of Opportunity: The Michael Family of Clarksburg” [1890s immigration]. Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 28 (Winter): 22-28.

Stolarik, M. Mark. 2002. “A Slovak Perspective on the Lattimer Massacre” [1897; Luzerne Co.]. Pennsylvania History 69 (Winter): 31-41.

Sugden, John. 2000. Blue Jacket: Warrior of the Shawnees [ca. 1752-ca. 1808; Ohio Valley]. American Indian Lives. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 350 pp.

Swatzler, David. 2000. A Friend Among the Senecas: The Quaker Mission to Cornplanter’s People [Western Pa., and N.Y.; includes transcript of Henry Simmons’ 1799 journal]. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books. 319 pp.

Sweet, Timothy. 2002. “Cherokee ‘Improvements’ and the Removal Debate.” Chap. 6 in American Georgics: Economy and Environment in American Literature, 122-152. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Switala, William J. 2001. Underground Railroad in Pennsylvania. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books. 216 pp.

Symposium on Daniel Letwin: The Challenge of Interracial Unionism [UMW; Birmingham District, Ala.; 1878-1921]. 2000. Alex Lichtenstien, “Exploring the Local World of Interracialism,” 63-67; John Higginson, “Digging a Little Deeper,” 68-71; Jacqueline Jones, “Interracialism Above Ground, Jim Crow Below,” 71-73; Nancy Maclean, “‘Race-ing Class, Historicizing Categories,’” 73-77; Alexander Saxton, “A Shield Against the Power of Industrial Capitalism,” 77-80; Daniel Letwin, “Challenge to What? Challenge for Whom?” 80-90. In Labor History 41 (February): 63-90.

Taylor, Evelyn M. E. 1999. Historical Digest of Jefferson County, West Virginia’s African American Congregations, 1859-1994: With Selected Churches in Neighboring Berkeley County, West Virginia, Maryland, and Virginia. Illustrations by Stephen Q. Luckett. Washington, D.C.: Middle Atlantic Regional Press. 264 pp.

Tedesco, Marie. 1996. "The Opposite Sides of Freedom: Slavery and Emancipation in Antebellum Tennessee." Tennessee Historical Quarterly 55 (Spring): 66-83.

Tedesco, Marie. 2001. “A Free Black Slave Owner in East Tennessee: The Strange Case of Adam Waterford” [Sullivan Co.]. In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 133-153. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published under a different title in Tennessee Historical Quarterly 55 (1996): 66-83.

Thompson, Sarah S. 1996. Journey From Jerusalem: An Illustrated Introduction to Erie’s African American History, 1795-1995 [northwest Pa.]. Erie, Pa.: Erie County Historical Society. 98 pp.

Townsend, Russell G. 2002. “Curating Our Past: Museum Direction Driven by Tribal Perspectives” [Cherokee]. In Southern Indians and Anthropologists: Culture, Politics, and Identity, eds. L. Lefler and F. Gleach, 69-76. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 35. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Trotter, Joe W., Jr. 1996. "Black Miners in West Virginia: Class and Community Responses to Workplace Discrimination, 1920-1930." In The United Mine Workers of America: A Model of Industrial Solidarity?, ed. J. Laslett, 269-296. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Trotter, Joe William, Jr. 1998. River Jordan: African American Urban Life in the Ohio Valley [Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Louisville, and Evansville]. Ohio River Valley Series. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 224 pp.

Trotter, Joe William, Jr. 2001. “The Formation of Black Community in Southern West Virginia Coalfields.” In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 284-301. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published as chapter 2 in Joe William Trotter, Jr., Coal, Class, and Color, Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1990.

Trotter, Joe William, Jr. 2002. “Black Migration to Southern West Virginia.” In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 136-159. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Trotter, Joe William, Jr., and Eric Ledell Smith, eds. 1997. African Americans in Pennsylvania: Shifting Historical Perspectives [1684-1985; 19 essays and a literature review]. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, and Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. 519 pp.

Turner, George A. 2002. “The Lattimer Massacre: A Perspective from the Ethnic Community” [1897; anthracite region]. Pennsylvania History 69 (Winter): 11-30.

Twiss, Pamela. 2004. “Ernest Rice McKinney: African American Appalachian, Social Worker, Radical Labor Organizer and Educator” [b. 1886, Malden, W.Va.; 1930s Pittsburgh organizer]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 95-110.

Valadez, Gilbert. 2004. “Walking to the Dance: Teaching and Cross-Cultural Encounter” [graduate seminar, 2001, Southwestern Va.]. Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 152-166.

Vande Brake, Katherine. 2001. How They Shine: Melungeon Characters in the Fiction of Appalachia. Melungeons (series), no. 3. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press. 298 pp.

VanDerBeets, Richard. 1994. Held Captive by Indians: Selected Narratives, 1642-1836. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 374 pp.

Velazquez, Loida C. 1999. “Finding a Voice: Latinas in the South” [N.C., Tenn.]. In Neither Separate Nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South, ed. B. Smith, 125-137. Women in the Political Economy series. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Vennum, Thomas, Jr. 1994. American Indian Lacrosse: Little Brother of War. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. 360 pp.

Villatoro, Marcos McPeek. 1998. “Latino Southerners: A New Form of ‘Mestizaje’” [Blount Co., Ala.]. In Cultural Diversity in the U.S. South: Anthropological Contributions to a Region in Transition, eds. C. Hill and P. Beaver, 104-114. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 31. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Wagner, Thomas E., and Phillip J. Obermiller. 2004. African American Miners and Migrants: The Eastern Kentucky Social Club [Harlan Co. roots: Benham, Lynch; annual reunions]. Afterword by William H. Turner. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 158 pp.

Walker, Frank X. 2000. Affrilachia: Poems by Frank X. Walker. Lexington, Ky.: Old Cove Press. 100 pp.

Walker, Melissa. 1998. “African Americans and TVA Reservoir Property Removal: Race in a New Deal Program” [east Tenn.]. Agricultural History 72 (Spring): 417-428.

Walker, Willard. 2002. “The Twentieth-Century Conservators of the Cherokee Sacred Formulas” [initially collected 1887-88, Big Cove, N.C.]. In Southern Indians and Anthropologists: Culture, Politics, and Identity, eds. L. Lefler and F. Gleach, 107-114. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 35. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Ward, Matthew C. 2001. “Redeeming the Captives: Pennsylvania Captives among the Ohio Indians, 1755-1765” [Ohio Valley]. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 125 (July): 161-189.

Webb, James H. 2004. Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America. New York: Broadway Books. 369 pp.

Webb, Michael D. 1999. “‘God Bless You All -- I Am Innocent’: Sheriff Joseph F. Shipp, Chattanooga, Tennessee, and the Lynching of Ed Johnson” [1906]. Tennessee Historical Quarterly 58 (Summer): 156-179.

Weiner, Deborah, and Maryanne Reed. 1996. "Contradiction, Compromise & Commitment: The Jews of Beckley, West Virginia." Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 13 (Winter): 3-6.

Weiner, Deborah R. 1995. "The Jews of Clarksburg: Community Adaptation and Survival, 1900-60." West Virginia History 54: 59-77.

Weiner, Deborah R. 1998. “Middlemen of the Coalfields: The Role of Jews in the Economy of Southern West Virginia Coal Towns, 1890-1950.” Journal of Appalachian Studies 4 (Spring): 29-56.

Weiner, Deborah R. 1999. “The Jews of Keystone: Life in a Multicultural Boomtown” [W.Va.; 1890-1940]. Southern Jewish History 2: 1-23.

Weiner, Deborah R. 2002. “From Shtetl to Coalfield: The Migration of East European Jews to Southern West Virginia.” In Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940, eds. K. Fones-Wolf and R. Lewis, 72-111. West Virginia and Appalachia, no. 1. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Weiner, Deborah. 2001. “Jewish Women in the Central Appalachian Coal Fields, 1890-1960: From Breadwinners to Community Builders” [W.Va.]. American Jewish Archives Journal 52 nos. 1-2 (2000): 10-33.

Weisberger, William. 2001. “The Revolutionary Careers of Barnard and Michael Gratz” [Jewish American immigrants whose financial empire helped settle the wilderness]. Western Pennsylvania History 84 (Fall): 16-24.

Weissbach, Lee Shai. 2000. “Small Town Jewish Life & the Pennsylvania Pattern.” Western Pennsylvania History 83 (Spring): 36-53.

West, Carroll Van, ed. 2002. Trial and Triumph: Essays in Tennessee’s African American History [22 chapters; 1780 to Civil Rights era]. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 432 pp.

Whiteness and Racialization in Appalachia [10 articles]. 2004. Edited by Dwight B. Billings, Edwina Pendarvis, and Mary Kay Thomas. Special issue, Journal of Appalachian Studies 10 (Spring/Fall): 1-228.

Wildsmith, Dana S. 2003. “ESL, PM, Class Code 9318” [English language class for immigrants, Winder, Ga.]. Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine 20, nos. 2-3 (Summer/Winter): 22-24.

Wilkinson, Christopher. 2003. “Hot and Sweet: Big Band Music in Black West Virginia before the Swing Era.” American Music 21 (Summer): 159-179.

Wilkinson, Crystal E. 2000. Blackberries, Blackberries [fiction; Ky.; 18 character sketches of black women; author is a founding member of Affrilachian Poets]. London, England: Toby Press. 192 pp.

Wilkinson, Crystal E. 2001 [1999]. “On Being ‘Country’: One Affrilachian Woman’s Return Home.” In Back Talk from Appalachia: Confronting Stereotypes, eds. D. Billings, G. Norman, and K. Ledford, 184-186. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Originally published as Confronting Appalachian Stereotypes.

Wilkinson, Crystal E. 2002. Water Street [stories; Lincoln Co., Ky.]. London, England: Toby Press. 174 pp.

Williams, David. 2001. “Georgia’s Forgotten Miners: African Americans and the Georgia Gold Rush of 1829” [Dahlonega, Lumpkin Co.]. In Appalachians and Race: The Mountain South from Slavery to Segregation, ed. John Inscoe, 40-49. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Previously published, Georgia Historical Quarterly 75 (1991): 76-90.

Williams, David. 2003 [1993]. The Georgia Gold Rush: Twenty-Niners, Cherokees, and Gold Fever. Reprint. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. 192 pp.

Wilson, Darlene, and Patricia D. Beaver. 1999. “Transgressions in Race and Place: The Ubiquitous Native Grandmother in America’s Cultural Memory” [Melungeon history]. In Neither Separate Nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South, ed. B. Smith, 34-56. Women in the Political Economy series. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Winkler, Wayne. 2004. Walking Toward the Sunset: The Melungeons of Appalachia [history]. Melungeons (series). Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press. 314 pp.

Woods, Lee Ann. 2003. “Drawing the Stories of Two Cultures” [African American sketch artist David White of Oak Ridge, Tenn.]. Appalachian Heritage 31 (Spring): 52-55.

Worth, John E. 2002. “Spanish Missions and the Persistence of Chiefly Power” [“frontier” Creeks]. In The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians, 1540-1760, eds. R. Ethridge and C. Hudson, 39-64. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Zuniga, Victor, and Ruben Hernandez-Leon. 2001. “A New Destination for an Old Migration: Origins, Trajectories, and Labor Market Incorporation of Latinos in Dalton, Georgia.” In Latino Workers in the Contemporary South, eds. A. D. Murphy, C. Blanchard, and J. A. Hill, 126-135. Southern Anthropological Society Proceedings, no. 34. Athens: University of Georgia Press.